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What is Transformer?

A transformer is a static device which is used for converting high alternating current or voltage to low alternating current or voltage or vice versa at same frequency.

What is Logic Gate?

Basically a logic gate is an electronic gate which uses logic for its working. Below are the logic gates with their truth tables.

Robot Toddler( an MIT research)

Robot Toddler Learns to Stand by “Imagining” How to Do It

Instead of being programmed, a robot uses brain-inspired algorithms to “imagine” doing tasks before trying them in the real world. 

Why It Matters

If robots can learn to deal with unfamiliar situations automatically, they could be deployed in many new settings.

Darwin tries moving its torso around under the control of several neural networks.

Alternate Sources Of Energy

Power Generation Through Speed Breaker

Group Members:

1.     Sheikh Hassaan Bin Nadeem(GL)

2.     Noman Ali Khan

3.     Mohammad Asad

4.     Syed Mohammad Hassaan

5.     Muhammad Umer

6.     Saad Baig

Self  Introduction:

Asssalamualaikum. My name is Sheikh Hassaan Bin Nadeem. I’m leader of my group. Our group consists of 6 members. These are “Saad Baig, Noman Ali Khan, M. Umar, M. Asad, Syed M. Hassaan and me” . We are presenting here a project based on an idea to generate electric power through speed breakers.

Project Introduction:

The project is titled as “Power Generation Through Speed Breakers”.
In the present day scenario power has become the major need for human life. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of any countries economy. The day-to-day increasing population and decreasing conventional sources for power generation, provides a need to think on non-conventional energy resources. Here we are looking forward to conserve the potential energy that gone wasted, while vehicles move. The number of vehicles passing over speed breaker on road is increasing day by day. So electricity can be generated using the vehicle weight as an input.

Project Abstract:

Following  are the different  mechanisms possible for generation.

1.Rack And Pinion Mechanism.

2.Spring Coil Mechanism.

3.Crank Shaft Mechanism.

4.Roller Mechanism.

Out of the above mechanisms, we are using here Rack And Pinion Mechanism because this mechanism is the most efficient in all of the above.

Rack And Pinion Mechanism:

Principle:

Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Details Of Construction:

1.Rack And Pinion:
The rack and pinion used to convert between rotary and translatory motion. The rack is the flat toothed part, while the pinion is the gear. Rack and pinion can convert rotary to linear of from linear to rotary motion.

2.Ball Bearings:
A roller-element bearing is a bearing which carries a load by placing round elements between the two pieces. The relative motion of the pieces causes the round elements to roll(tumble) with little sliding. They reduce the friction and transmit the motion effectively.

3.Sprockets:
Sprocket mechanism is used to transfer rotary motion between two shafts.

4.Gears:
In gear mechanism, the input gear transfers power to the output gear.

5.Fly-Wheel:
The primary function of flywheel is to act as an energy accumulator. It reduces the fluctuations in speed and increases the stability. It absorbs the energy when demand is less and releases the same when it is required.

6.Shafts:

It is a rotating element, which is used to transmit power from one place to another place. It supports the rotating elements like gears and flywheels.

7.Springs:
It is defined as an elastic body whose function is to distort when loaded and to recover its original shape when the load is removed. It cushions, absorbs or controls energy either due to shocks or due to vibrations.

8.Electric Dynamo:
It is a device, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The dynamo uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through “Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction”.

9.Battery:
A battery is a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

10.LDR Circuit:
An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that changes with the light intensity that falls upon it. This allows them to be used in light sensing circuits.

Advantages& Disadvantages:

Advantages:

1.This method requires low budget for electricity production.

2.It requires less floor area.

3.It shows no obstruction to traffic.

4.It is pollution free power generation.

5.Energy is available all year round.

Disadvantages:

1.We have to check its mechanism from time to time.

2.It may get rusted in rainy season.

3.It may not work with light weight vehicles.

Applications:

Basically this mechanism is suitable at parking of malls, tall booths, signals etc. but we can apply it anywhere on the roads.

Conclusion:

These are some non-conventional methods of producing energy. This is a one step to path of exploring the possibilities of energy from several non-conventional energy resources.
If you have any queries then ask in comments. Thank you.

What is AVO meter?

The AVO meter stands for ampere, volt, and ohmmeter. The ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter all use a basic D.Arsonval  movement. The difference between these instruments is the circuit in which the basic movement is used. It is therefore obvious that an instrument can be designed to perform these three measurement functions.The instrument which contains a function switch to connect the appropriate circuits to the D.Arsonval movement is called a multimeter or AVO meter.

What is Bipolar Junction Transistor(BJT)?

The Bipolar
Junction Transistor:
The bipolar junction transistor consists of three regions of semiconductor material. One type is called a p-n-p transistor, in which two regions of p-type material sandwich a very thin layer of n-type material. A second type is called an n-p-n transistor, in which two regions of n-type material sandwich a very thin layer of p-type material. Both of these types of transistors consist of two